Scientists who took the alternative path to help villages and crafts

By Bharat Dogra 

After independence, many scholars believed it was important to follow the development path emphasized by Mahatma Gandhi, which focused on villages and crafts. J.C. Kumarappa played a pivotal role in advancing this perspective as an economist. However, several scientists and technologists also shared similar sentiments. Among them was Dr. Devendra Kumar, whose contributions spanned various areas of rural development, with a notable focus on edible oil processing.  

After working in several villages alongside Gandhian activists and participating in social movements like Bhoodan, Dr. Kumar established the Centre for Science and Villages in Wardha in 1976, with the support of individuals like Dr. Vibha Gupta. This initiative inspired numerous scientists and technologists, including those in prestigious institutions, to address the pressing problems in remote rural areas and among craftspeople.  

As 2025 marks the birth centenary of Dr. Devendra Kumar, it is an opportune moment to reflect on the contributions of these scientists and professionals.  

For example, Dr. Bhartendu Prakash resigned from his position at IIT Kanpur to establish the Vigyan Shiksha Kendra (Science Education Centre) in the Bundelkhand region. Initially, he explored alternative methods of cement production in village settings. Later, he concentrated on leveraging traditional water-harvesting and conservation techniques to alleviate water scarcity in Bundelkhand. Although his work received government support, many of his recommendations were not implemented.  

Dr. Narendra Mehrotra significantly contributed to the establishment of the Society of Young Scientists at AIIMS. He spearheaded initiatives to mobilize young scientists and influence government science and technology policies, ensuring they served the common people, particularly in villages. Subsequently, he became deeply involved with alternative medicine, herbal remedies, and plants. He also published a journal, *Jeevaniya,* in both English and Hindi on these topics for many years.  

Vinoo Kaley, a professional architect, dedicated his life to promoting bamboo utilization and assisting bamboo artisans in innovative ways. His book, Venu Bharti, is a must-read for anyone interested in bamboo and its applications. Kaley opposed selling bamboo at extremely low prices to large industries, advocating instead for its availability to local craftspeople at affordable rates to support their livelihoods. He was also a creative individual deeply involved in mud architecture.  

Ajay Kumar, meanwhile, established an academy for young scientists in Chandigarh and made valuable contributions to rural energy systems.  

While many other individuals could be named, this brief overview highlights the work of these scientists and professionals. As efforts to mobilize and organize craftspeople and artisans gained traction, several of these scientists collaborated closely with such initiatives to provide support.  

These diverse efforts were not confined to any single organization. While some participants retained their regular jobs, others left their positions to dedicate more time to this cause. They formed formal and informal groups and maintained regular contact, coming together when needed to contribute to important initiatives. For instance, they quickly organized support for Bhopal tragedy victims and collaborated on consultations for crafts and craftspeople.  

In addition, they published journals, books, and booklets for literacy programs to promote a scientific approach to various issues. Their efforts significantly enriched initiatives such as Bharat Gyan Vigyan Jatha.  

As these scientists and professionals reunite for events celebrating Dr. Devendra Kumar’s centenary, it is the right time to inspire more young scientists to join these efforts. Many critical issues affecting the country, such as the oilseeds sector, merit their attention. Dr. Devendra Kumar specialized in the oilseeds sector, which is currently in disarray due to the promotion of palm oil and the challenges faced by traditional oilseeds. This, combined with the dangers of GM Mustard and GM crops, underscores the urgent need for action.  

By addressing such vital contemporary issues, these scientists can further amplify the relevance of their work. Additionally, they could establish models of nearly complete natural farming, local farm produce processing, and renewable energy in villages or clusters of villages, marking another significant achievement.  

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The writer is Honorary Convener, Campaign to Save Earth Now