By Md. Abu Saim* The signing of the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement by Saudi Arabia, Türkiye and Pakistan on 7 August 2026 in Mecca marks a significant moment in contemporary geopolitics. Long anticipated across much of the Muslim world, the pact establishes that an armed attack on any one of the three signatories will be treated as an attack on all, while emphasizing that the arrangement is strictly defensive and directed only at external aggression.
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