Several new national and international research surveys have warned that hazardous microplastics are present in our breath, drinking water, and crops. Various research journals worldwide continuously publish alarming findings from studies on this issue. While foreign markets and businesses may have their own motives behind certain conclusions, the fact remains that in developing countries, governments are preoccupied with addressing fundamental needs such as food, clothing, and shelter, along with fighting poverty. As a result, they often fail to prioritize high health standards set by international norms, which is a serious concern.
One such study was published in the environmental journal of the German-British academic company Springer Nature. Researchers analyzed ten leading brands of bottled water in Kerala, India. The study concluded that a person consuming bottled water annually ingests approximately 153 plastic particles. This is undoubtedly a matter of concern. However, the choice of Kerala for the survey and the selection of Indian bottled water brands raise questions. The bottled water business is highly competitive in international markets, and some may wonder whether the Indian bottled beverage market is being unfairly targeted. Despite these concerns, the issue is severe, and governments should conduct thorough investigations. Similar studies should be carried out in other states of India as well. Although bottled water is primarily consumed by a particular section of society, it is also necessary to examine other water sources, including government-supplied water.
Numerous studies have been conducted on the effects of microplastics on air and plant life. A recent study even expressed concern about the presence of plastic nanoparticles in the human brain. It was claimed that hundreds of microplastic particles enter our bodies daily through inhalation. Delhi, the capital of India and the workplace of the country’s policymakers, is the most polluted capital city in the world. Several other Indian cities also rank among the most polluted globally. Due to pollution, plastic particles are reducing human life expectancy and contributing to deadly diseases such as cancer. Unfortunately, neither the government nor the public seems fully aware of this serious crisis. Moreover, voters, who often look forward to free giveaways, rarely consider making this a key election issue.
This crisis has escalated to the point where plastic particles are now affecting the photosynthesis process of plants, reducing the productivity of several staple crops in the food chain. Meanwhile, the craze for chewing gum is rapidly growing across all age groups, from children to the elderly. From supermarkets to roadside stalls, these colorful packets attract everyone. Some chew gum to relieve stress, others for fresh breath, while some do it out of habit. Its popularity in India is due to its affordability, easy availability, and promise of instant relief from urban hustle and bustle. Television advertisements portray it as stylish and trendy, making it a fashion statement among the youth.
However, behind this seemingly harmless product lies a shocking truth, as revealed in a study presented at a meeting of the American Chemical Society in San Diego. Researchers from the University of California, Los Angeles, conducted an in-depth analysis of chewing gum's effects. They found that a single gram of chewing gum contains an average of 100 microplastic particles, with some samples containing over 600. Given that an average chewing gum stick weighs about 1.5 grams, regular consumption could introduce around 30,000 microplastic particles into the body each year. This staggering number forces us to reconsider how our habits unknowingly affect our health.
Microplastics are tiny plastic particles, smaller than five millimeters, that pose a significant threat to both the environment and human health. The source of microplastics in chewing gum lies in its gum base, which gives it chewability and elasticity. Gum base contains synthetic plastic compounds such as polyvinyl acetate and polyethylene, which are also used in plastic bottles and packaging materials. When chewed, these compounds break into tiny fragments, mix with saliva, and reach the digestive system. These microplastic particles do not remain confined to the mouth but can spread to other parts of the body.
The health effects of these microplastics can be severe. They may cause inflammation in the digestive system, leading to gastrointestinal issues. They can disrupt the body's endocrine system, causing hormonal imbalances that increase the risk of obesity and metabolic disorders. Some studies also suggest that these particles may enter the bloodstream and damage brain and heart functions. Additionally, the artificial sweeteners and preservatives found in chewing gum can have harmful long-term effects. Excessive chewing can lead to jaw pain and headaches.
The situation in India is particularly concerning, as awareness about these risks is minimal. The government has not taken strict action against it, and rural populations remain largely unaware of its dangers. Urban youth consider it a fashion trend, children treat it as a toy, and busy professionals see it as a shortcut for stress relief. Moreover, people often spit out chewed gum on streets and public places. Since it contains plastic, it does not degrade easily, contributing to waste management issues. If swallowed, it can also make animals sick. In a country like India, where waste management is already a challenge, this adds another burden.
Some companies are now producing chewing gum made from natural resin, which does not contain plastic. Traditionally, India has had a culture of chewing betel nuts, cardamom, or cloves, which are far healthier alternatives. Instead of making it a daily habit, it should be consumed occasionally. It is also essential to educate children and youth about its risks. The government should make it mandatory for chewing gum packets to display information about their ingredients and potential hazards.
On one hand, the growing trend of chewing gum symbolizes modernity, while on the other, it serves as a warning for our health and environment. Now is the time to look beyond its glamour and consider its real consequences. The next time you reach for a piece of gum, it is crucial to ask yourself whether this small habit could cause significant harm in the long run.
After a joint study conducted by the United States and Germany, it was concluded that plastic particles are interfering with the food production process of plants. The presence of microplastics in food, air, and water is a severe threat to human existence, demanding urgent attention. Given this scenario, one must question why single-use plastic continues to be openly sold despite its nationwide ban. While penalties exist for shopkeepers and consumers using it, why is there no ban on industries manufacturing these products? This crisis also highlights the need for responsible citizenship. While people often prioritize convenience, they must also acknowledge the long-term harmful effects of plastic. This issue calls for immediate action, reinforcing the role of responsible citizens in addressing this growing environmental and health hazard.
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*Journalist
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