Skip to main content

'Very low rung in quality ladder': Critique of ICMR study on 'sudden deaths' post-2021

By Bhaskaran Raman* 

Since about mid-2021, a new phenomenon of extreme concern has been observed throughout the world, including India: unexplained sudden deaths of seemingly healthy and active people, especially youngsters. In the recently concluded Navratri garba celebrations, an unprecedented number of young persons succumbed to heart attack deaths. After a long delay, ICMR (Indian Council for Medical Research) has finally has published a case-control study on sudden deaths among Indians of age 18-45.
The weight of ICMR behind the study was apparent as it even tweeted about it from its official X handle. The study concluded that the Covid-19 “vaccines” were not to blame for the sudden deaths, but instead blamed Covid-19 hospitalization, family history, binge drinking, and intense exercise. However, the study falls significantly short of credibility on various counts, as we detail below.

Flaw-1: The (missing) elephant in the room

The study is what is called a case-control study. Scientifically, case-control studies occupy a very low rung in the quality ladder, as they cannot establish causal factors with confidence. For establishing causality (or lack of the same), randomised controlled trials (RCT) are much better, where participants are chosen randomly and long-term follow-up is conducted. Such RCTs were indeed started in 2020 for the Covid-19 “vaccines”.
So the relevant question is: where are the results from those RCT studies, with long-term safety follow-up of vaccine and control (placebo) groups? The skirting of this question by ICMR is an indictment in itself. Not presenting results from the original RCTs is a disservice to science and the crores of Indians who have been vaccinated.
The ICMR study has also avoided comment on the AEFI (Adverse Event Following Immunization) reports during the country-wide vaccination drive. Were the sudden death cases in the study, reported by the survirors in the family, to the AEFI system? If so, was there follow-up investigation? If not, why was no report done? Avoiding these critical questions is highly worrisome.

Flaw-2: Not explaining the increase in sudden deaths

Sudden heart attack deaths are nothing new, of course. The concern has been that there has been a noticeable increase in such sudden deaths in 2021 and later compared to pre-2021. The ICMR study fails to explain this. Blaming family history, binge drinking, drug usage, physical exercise is thus absurd, since none of these increased in 2021 compared to prior years, at least not as per the study.
The study simply claims sudden deaths are more common among those with a family history or binge drinking. That is perhaps well known, even commonsensical. What has changed since 2021 – the paper does not even attempt to answer this.

Flaw-3: Indictment by data

Although the study’s conclusion exonerates the role of Covid “vaccines” in the sudden deaths, the study’s own data indicts the “vaccines”. Table-I of the research paper lists that 20.4% of the sudden death cases were single dosed. Given that most vaccination had pretty much ended by mid-2022, we expect that the number of single dosed should be near zero.
But it is not the case, especially in the sudden-death “case” group. Why? Did they die a sudden death before their second dose was due? Or did they develop serious adverse events after the first dose, due to which the second dose was not advised by their doctor? These questions are not even raised, leave alone answered in the study.

Flaw-4: Incorrectly blaming Covid-19 hospitalization

In the study, only 2.3% of the sudden deaths were hospitalized for Covid-19. Therefore it is absurd for the study to blame Covid-19 hospitalization for the sudden deaths. Further, it is disingenuous to blame Covid-19 hospitalization for sudden death after projecting the Covid “vaccines” as preventing hospitalization and severe outcome. Blaming Covid-19 also conveniently ignores the fact that there were no such reports of sudden deaths anywhere in the world in all of 2020: the year of the pandemic.

Flaw-5: Failure to separate Covaxin vs Covishield

Covaxin and Covishield use completely different technologies. There is no apriori reason to expect that they will have similar side effect profiles. In not looking at the effect of each “vaccine” separately, the study is deeply flawed scientifically.

Flaw-6: Conflicts of interest

The paper reports that no funding has been received and that there is no conflict of interest. Nothing could be further from the truth. ICMR has commitments of crores of rupees in funding from BMGF (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation) which has investments in vaccines. ICMR has also made tens of crores of rupees from Covaxin sales.
Aside from these financial conflicts of interest, the study is also riddled with professional conflicts of interest. The journal in which the study is published, Indian Journal of Medical Research, is run by ICMR itself! The study is thus a case of ICMR exonerating its own product, published in its own journal. This is hardly credible.

Flaw-7: Other discrepancies

There are several other problematic aspects in the study:
  • Not separating by age-group: While all deaths are tragic, sudden deaths of young adolescents are especially heart-breaking (literally). These instances have especially increased since the Covid “vaccine” rollout. It is also known that myocarditis risk of the Covid “vaccines” is especially high for young males. Therefore the study should have looked at separate age-groups, e.g. under-25 and over-25, but it failed to do so.
  • Exclusion of alcohol frequency in final analysis: Quite unlike Covid-19 hospitalization, the number of alcohol users among the sudden death cases was very high at 27.4%. Further, the study’s own initial analysis (table-2) showed the highest dependence of sudden deaths on alcohol frequency. However, alcohol frequency was excluded in the final analysis (table-3). This raises eyebrows.
  • Data discrepancy: In Table-I, the n value is different between “vaccination status” and “Received COVID-19 vaccine before death of cases”. Why? If you look at the details, the number of unvaccinated is the same, but only the number of vaccinated is quite different. For example, for “any vaccination” it is 577 among “cases”, but in the numbers in the rows below, 266+22 adds up to only 288. What happened to the remaining (577-288)=289 “Cases”? This discrepancy is significant given the above indictment.
  • Deaths in the control group? While the description of the control group chosen for the study appears to suggest that this group consists of people who are alive, the entry in table-1 for “Days between vaccination and death of cases” for the control group raises eyebrows. This cannot be a typing error and points to some unexplained methodological flaw.
  • Assumption of 15% “vaccine” coverage: In selecting the sample size for the study, the authors assume 15% “vaccine” coverage in India. This is not even in the right ball-park for a study done in 2023.
  • Choice of study period: The peak of first dosage in India was April/May 2021. So the choice of starting the study period from Oct 2021 is odd, to say the least. The choice is not explained in the study paper.
  • Exclusion criteria: The study excludes those who died after 24-hours of hospitalization, and also those with comorbidities. These form a large 69% of the recorded sudden deaths. While it is instructive to look at instances of sudden+unexplained deaths, it must be noted that if the same exclusion criteria were applied to Covid itself, it cannot be called a pandemic, as the overwhelming majority of those who died were old and comorbid.
Given these flaws, the study is a disservice to science and to the victims of the sudden deaths. To restore credibility, ICMR must release the data (suitably anonymized to protect privacy) from the original vaccine randomised controlled trials (RCTs), as well as the data from this study, open to the public for scrutiny.
---
*Professor at IIT Bombay. Author of the book “Math Murder in Media Manufactured Madness”, presenting simple math to illustrate various absurdities related to the mainstream Covid-19 narrative; available at: https://bhaskaranraman.in/. Views are personal

Comments

TRENDING

N-power plant at Mithi Virdi: CRZ nod is arbitrary, without jurisdiction

By Krishnakant* A case-appeal has been filed against the order of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) and others granting CRZ clearance for establishment of intake and outfall facility for proposed 6000 MWe Nuclear Power Plant at Mithi Virdi, District Bhavnagar, Gujarat by Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) vide order in F 11-23 /2014-IA- III dated March 3, 2015. The case-appeal in the National Green Tribunal at Western Bench at Pune is filed by Shaktisinh Gohil, Sarpanch of Jasapara; Hajabhai Dihora of Mithi Virdi; Jagrutiben Gohil of Jasapara; Krishnakant and Rohit Prajapati activist of the Paryavaran Suraksha Samiti. The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has issued a notice to the MoEF&CC, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gujarat Coastal Zone Management Authority, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board and Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) and case is kept for hearing on August 20, 2015. Appeal No. 23 of 2015 (WZ) is filed, a...

History, culture and literature of Fatehpur, UP, from where Maulana Hasrat Mohani hailed

By Vidya Bhushan Rawat*  Maulana Hasrat Mohani was a member of the Constituent Assembly and an extremely important leader of our freedom movement. Born in Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh, Hasrat Mohani's relationship with nearby district of Fatehpur is interesting and not explored much by biographers and historians. Dr Mohammad Ismail Azad Fatehpuri has written a book on Maulana Hasrat Mohani and Fatehpur. The book is in Urdu.  He has just come out with another important book, 'Hindi kee Pratham Rachna: Chandayan' authored by Mulla Daud Dalmai.' During my recent visit to Fatehpur town, I had an opportunity to meet Dr Mohammad Ismail Azad Fatehpuri and recorded a conversation with him on issues of history, culture and literature of Fatehpur. Sharing this conversation here with you. Kindly click this link. --- *Human rights defender. Facebook https://www.facebook.com/vbrawat , X @freetohumanity, Skype @vbrawat

The silencing of conscience: Ideological attacks on India’s judiciary and free thought

By Sunil Kumar*  “Volunteers will pick up sticks to remove every obstacle that comes in the way of Sanatan and saints’ work.” — RSS Chief Mohan Bhagwat (November 6, 2024, Chitrakoot) Eleven months later, on October 6, 2025, a man who threw a shoe inside the Supreme Court shouted, “India will not tolerate insults to Sanatan.” This incident was not an isolated act but a continuation of a pattern seen over the past decade—attacks on intellectuals, writers, activists, and journalists, sometimes in the name of institutions, sometimes by individual actors or organizations.

Celebrating 125 yr old legacy of healthcare work of missionaries

Vilas Shende, director, Mure Memorial Hospital By Moin Qazi* Central India has been one of the most fertile belts for several unique experiments undertaken by missionaries in the field of education and healthcare. The result is a network of several well-known schools, colleges and hospitals that have woven themselves into the social landscape of the region. They have also become a byword for quality and affordable services delivered to all sections of the society. These institutions are characterised by committed and compassionate staff driven by the selfless pursuit of improving the well-being of society. This is the reason why the region has nursed and nurtured so many eminent people who occupy high positions in varied fields across the country as well as beyond. One of the fruits of this legacy is a more than century old iconic hospital that nestles in the heart of Nagpur city. Named as Mure Memorial Hospital after a British warrior who lost his life in a war while defending his cou...

New RTI draft rules inspired by citizen-unfriendly, overtly bureaucratic approach

By Venkatesh Nayak* The Department of Personnel and Training , Government of India has invited comments on a new set of Draft Rules (available in English only) to implement The Right to Information Act, 2005 . The RTI Rules were last amended in 2012 after a long period of consultation with various stakeholders. The Government’s move to put the draft RTI Rules out for people’s comments and suggestions for change is a welcome continuation of the tradition of public consultation. Positive aspects of the Draft RTI Rules While 60-65% of the Draft RTI Rules repeat the content of the 2012 RTI Rules, some new aspects deserve appreciation as they clarify the manner of implementation of key provisions of the RTI Act. These are: Provisions for dealing with non-compliance of the orders and directives of the Central Information Commission (CIC) by public authorities- this was missing in the 2012 RTI Rules. Non-compliance is increasingly becoming a major problem- two of my non-compliance cases are...

World Bank arm accused of hiding crucial report on Gujarat’s Tata Mundra power project

By A Representative   The Centre for Financial Accountability (CFA) has accused the Compliance Advisor Ombudsman (CAO), the accountability arm of the International Finance Corporation (IFC), of concealing crucial evidence related to the Tata Mundra coal power project in Gujarat during the period when the case was being heard in U.S. courts. In a press statement released on October 10, 2025, CFA said that the CAO’s final monitoring report, which was completed in 2019 but released only in September 2025, revealed that IFC had failed to take remedial action for years, even as environmental and livelihood harms to local communities worsened.

When communities lead: The story of Puttenahalli lake restoration in Bengaluru

By Alejandra Amor, Mansee Bal Bhargava  The tropical Indian ecology pushed communities to develop the art and science of rainwater collection since antiquity. Traditionally, harvesting rainwater through ponds, lakes, and wetlands formed an integral part of a holistic water system that included rivers, canals, wells, aquifers, and springs. These decentralized systems sustained irrigation, livestock, and domestic needs in rural areas, supported by generations of community water management practices embedded in both utilitarian and ritualistic values.

Epic war against caste system is constitutional responsibility of elected government

Edited by well-known Gujarat Dalit rights leader Martin Macwan, the book, “Bhed-Bharat: An Account of Injustice and Atrocities on Dalits and Adivasis (2014-18)” (available in English and Gujarati*) is a selection of news articles on Dalits and Adivasis (2014-2018) published by Dalit Shakti Prakashan, Ahmedabad. Preface to the book, in which Macwan seeks to answer key questions on why the book is needed today: *** The thought of compiling a book on atrocities on Dalits and thus present an overall Indian picture had occurred to me a long time ago. Absence of such a comprehensive picture is a major reason for a weak social and political consciousness among Dalits as well as non-Dalits. But gradually the idea took a different form. I found that lay readers don’t understand numbers and don’t like to read well-researched articles. The best way to reach out to them was storytelling. As I started writing in Gujarati and sharing the idea of the book with my friends, it occurred to me that while...

Urgent need to study cause of large number of natural deaths in Gulf countries

By Venkatesh Nayak* According to data tabled in Parliament in April 2018, there are 87.76 lakh (8.77 million) Indians in six Gulf countries, namely Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). While replying to an Unstarred Question (#6091) raised in the Lok Sabha, the Union Minister of State for External Affairs said, during the first half of this financial year alone (between April-September 2018), blue-collared Indian workers in these countries had remitted USD 33.47 Billion back home. Not much is known about the human cost of such earnings which swell up the country’s forex reserves quietly. My recent RTI intervention and research of proceedings in Parliament has revealed that between 2012 and mid-2018 more than 24,570 Indian Workers died in these Gulf countries. This works out to an average of more than 10 deaths per day. For every US$ 1 Billion they remitted to India during the same period there were at least 117 deaths of Indian Workers in Gulf ...