Skip to main content

Shabana Azmi's groundbreaking contribution: Redefining portrayal of women on screen

By Harsh Thakor* 
Shabana Azmi has made a groundbreaking contribution to Indian art cinema, redefining the portrayal of women on screen. Celebrating 50 years in the film industry since her debut in Ankur (1974), she was instrumental in pioneering art films in Bollywood during the 1970s. Shabana introduced the unconventional heroine, exploring unexplored territories in women's acting. Renowned filmmaker Satyajit Ray remarked in his book Our Films, Their Films: "In her very first film, Shabana Azmi establishes herself as the finest dramatic actress in the country."
Contributions to Acting
Shabana Azmi has portrayed progressive roles that delved deeply into themes of women's oppression, rebellion, and complex social issues. Her performances were marked by sensitivity, intensity, and a rare grace, embodying a unique blend of composure and fiery conviction. She brought psychological depth to her characters, portraying a wide range of emotions and leaving an indelible impact on Indian cinema. Shabana’s acting was often an antithesis to the stereotypical Bollywood heroine, and her roles highlighted the fight for justice and equality with unmatched subtlety and power.
While she may not have possessed the beauty of contemporaries like Hema Malini or Aishwarya Rai, her ability to capture audiences with her heartfelt expressions and performances placed her among the finest actors in Indian cinema.
Social Activism
Beyond cinema, Shabana Azmi has been a relentless advocate for social justice, championing causes like women's rights, minority rights, and the empowerment of marginalized communities. She leads the Mijwan Welfare Society, an NGO focused on empowering rural girls through education, skill development, and health initiatives. Mijwan has become a global model for rural development.
Shabana has also spoken out against issues such as social injustice and the commodification of Bollywood, though some critics argue she hasn’t been as vocal on broader systemic issues like economic oppression or political dissent.
Iconic Films
Ankur (1974): In her debut, Azmi portrayed Laxmi, a woman navigating feudal oppression and personal struggles in rural India. Her nuanced performance captured the complexities of rebellion and resilience.
Nishant (1975): Set against the backdrop of feudal Telangana, Azmi portrayed Sushila, a victim of oppression who rebels against patriarchal exploitation, delivering an unforgettable performance.
Arth (1982): As Kavita, a wife grappling with her husband’s infidelity, Azmi brought depth and subtlety to a role that explored self-realization and liberation.
Sparsh (1980): Azmi showcased remarkable restraint and sensitivity as a teacher forming a tender relationship with a visually impaired principal.
Masoom (1984): Her portrayal of Indu, a compassionate wife dealing with her husband’s illegitimate son, was a masterclass in emotional nuance.
Mandi (1983): Playing Rukmini Bai, the madam of a brothel, Azmi captured the contradictions of female autonomy and societal constraints with intensity.
Fire (1996): In this bold film, she portrayed a woman discovering her sexuality and desires in a repressive society, challenging conventional norms with raw vulnerability.
Godmother (1999): Azmi played Rambhi, a widow who rises to power in a male-dominated underworld, blending ruthlessness with grace.
Makdee (2002): In a rare foray into fantasy, she delivered a chilling performance as a witch, showcasing her versatility.
Criticism
Some critics believe Shabana did not fully extend her on-screen activism into real-world advocacy. She has been critiqued for not boldly challenging economic oppression or the more reactionary aspects of Bollywood.
Legacy
Shabana Azmi's body of work and activism have cemented her place as a transformative figure in Indian cinema and society. Her dedication to portraying strong, complex women and championing social causes continues to inspire generations.
---
*Freelance journalist

Comments

TRENDING

The silencing of conscience: Ideological attacks on India’s judiciary and free thought

By Sunil Kumar*  “Volunteers will pick up sticks to remove every obstacle that comes in the way of Sanatan and saints’ work.” — RSS Chief Mohan Bhagwat (November 6, 2024, Chitrakoot) Eleven months later, on October 6, 2025, a man who threw a shoe inside the Supreme Court shouted, “India will not tolerate insults to Sanatan.” This incident was not an isolated act but a continuation of a pattern seen over the past decade—attacks on intellectuals, writers, activists, and journalists, sometimes in the name of institutions, sometimes by individual actors or organizations.

N-power plant at Mithi Virdi: CRZ nod is arbitrary, without jurisdiction

By Krishnakant* A case-appeal has been filed against the order of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) and others granting CRZ clearance for establishment of intake and outfall facility for proposed 6000 MWe Nuclear Power Plant at Mithi Virdi, District Bhavnagar, Gujarat by Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) vide order in F 11-23 /2014-IA- III dated March 3, 2015. The case-appeal in the National Green Tribunal at Western Bench at Pune is filed by Shaktisinh Gohil, Sarpanch of Jasapara; Hajabhai Dihora of Mithi Virdi; Jagrutiben Gohil of Jasapara; Krishnakant and Rohit Prajapati activist of the Paryavaran Suraksha Samiti. The National Green Tribunal (NGT) has issued a notice to the MoEF&CC, Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gujarat Coastal Zone Management Authority, Atomic Energy Regulatory Board and Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) and case is kept for hearing on August 20, 2015. Appeal No. 23 of 2015 (WZ) is filed, a...

History, culture and literature of Fatehpur, UP, from where Maulana Hasrat Mohani hailed

By Vidya Bhushan Rawat*  Maulana Hasrat Mohani was a member of the Constituent Assembly and an extremely important leader of our freedom movement. Born in Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh, Hasrat Mohani's relationship with nearby district of Fatehpur is interesting and not explored much by biographers and historians. Dr Mohammad Ismail Azad Fatehpuri has written a book on Maulana Hasrat Mohani and Fatehpur. The book is in Urdu.  He has just come out with another important book, 'Hindi kee Pratham Rachna: Chandayan' authored by Mulla Daud Dalmai.' During my recent visit to Fatehpur town, I had an opportunity to meet Dr Mohammad Ismail Azad Fatehpuri and recorded a conversation with him on issues of history, culture and literature of Fatehpur. Sharing this conversation here with you. Kindly click this link. --- *Human rights defender. Facebook https://www.facebook.com/vbrawat , X @freetohumanity, Skype @vbrawat

Citizens’ group to recall Justice Chagla’s alarm as India faces ‘undeclared' Emergency

By A Representative  In a move likely to raise eyebrows among the powers-that-be, a voluntary organisation founded during the “dark days” of the Indira Gandhi -imposed Emergency has announced that it will hold a public conference in Ahmedabad to highlight what its office-bearers call today’s “undeclared Emergency.”

Celebrating 125 yr old legacy of healthcare work of missionaries

Vilas Shende, director, Mure Memorial Hospital By Moin Qazi* Central India has been one of the most fertile belts for several unique experiments undertaken by missionaries in the field of education and healthcare. The result is a network of several well-known schools, colleges and hospitals that have woven themselves into the social landscape of the region. They have also become a byword for quality and affordable services delivered to all sections of the society. These institutions are characterised by committed and compassionate staff driven by the selfless pursuit of improving the well-being of society. This is the reason why the region has nursed and nurtured so many eminent people who occupy high positions in varied fields across the country as well as beyond. One of the fruits of this legacy is a more than century old iconic hospital that nestles in the heart of Nagpur city. Named as Mure Memorial Hospital after a British warrior who lost his life in a war while defending his cou...

New RTI draft rules inspired by citizen-unfriendly, overtly bureaucratic approach

By Venkatesh Nayak* The Department of Personnel and Training , Government of India has invited comments on a new set of Draft Rules (available in English only) to implement The Right to Information Act, 2005 . The RTI Rules were last amended in 2012 after a long period of consultation with various stakeholders. The Government’s move to put the draft RTI Rules out for people’s comments and suggestions for change is a welcome continuation of the tradition of public consultation. Positive aspects of the Draft RTI Rules While 60-65% of the Draft RTI Rules repeat the content of the 2012 RTI Rules, some new aspects deserve appreciation as they clarify the manner of implementation of key provisions of the RTI Act. These are: Provisions for dealing with non-compliance of the orders and directives of the Central Information Commission (CIC) by public authorities- this was missing in the 2012 RTI Rules. Non-compliance is increasingly becoming a major problem- two of my non-compliance cases are...

World Bank arm accused of hiding crucial report on Gujarat’s Tata Mundra power project

By A Representative   The Centre for Financial Accountability (CFA) has accused the Compliance Advisor Ombudsman (CAO), the accountability arm of the International Finance Corporation (IFC), of concealing crucial evidence related to the Tata Mundra coal power project in Gujarat during the period when the case was being heard in U.S. courts. In a press statement released on October 10, 2025, CFA said that the CAO’s final monitoring report, which was completed in 2019 but released only in September 2025, revealed that IFC had failed to take remedial action for years, even as environmental and livelihood harms to local communities worsened.

Urgent need to study cause of large number of natural deaths in Gulf countries

By Venkatesh Nayak* According to data tabled in Parliament in April 2018, there are 87.76 lakh (8.77 million) Indians in six Gulf countries, namely Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). While replying to an Unstarred Question (#6091) raised in the Lok Sabha, the Union Minister of State for External Affairs said, during the first half of this financial year alone (between April-September 2018), blue-collared Indian workers in these countries had remitted USD 33.47 Billion back home. Not much is known about the human cost of such earnings which swell up the country’s forex reserves quietly. My recent RTI intervention and research of proceedings in Parliament has revealed that between 2012 and mid-2018 more than 24,570 Indian Workers died in these Gulf countries. This works out to an average of more than 10 deaths per day. For every US$ 1 Billion they remitted to India during the same period there were at least 117 deaths of Indian Workers in Gulf ...

Epic war against caste system is constitutional responsibility of elected government

Edited by well-known Gujarat Dalit rights leader Martin Macwan, the book, “Bhed-Bharat: An Account of Injustice and Atrocities on Dalits and Adivasis (2014-18)” (available in English and Gujarati*) is a selection of news articles on Dalits and Adivasis (2014-2018) published by Dalit Shakti Prakashan, Ahmedabad. Preface to the book, in which Macwan seeks to answer key questions on why the book is needed today: *** The thought of compiling a book on atrocities on Dalits and thus present an overall Indian picture had occurred to me a long time ago. Absence of such a comprehensive picture is a major reason for a weak social and political consciousness among Dalits as well as non-Dalits. But gradually the idea took a different form. I found that lay readers don’t understand numbers and don’t like to read well-researched articles. The best way to reach out to them was storytelling. As I started writing in Gujarati and sharing the idea of the book with my friends, it occurred to me that while...