World Economic Forum recipe for Modi to fight poverty: Encourage private investment, achieve high growth
Refusing to suggest any measures that would end India lag in the social sector, the report states, "At 28th, China stands some 40 places ahead of India, the other regional economic giant", adding, "Despite its immense potential and promise, by many accounts India continues to suffer from poverty. A third of its population still lives in extreme poverty—possibly the highest incidence outside sub-Saharan Africa—and many people still lack access to basic services and opportunities, such as sanitation, healthcare, and quality schooling."
Wanting the Modi government to work for policies that would "accelerate" India's growth, the report states, "Since 2011, India has experienced a slowdown. In 2013, its economy grew by a modest 4.4 percent.” Pointing out that at 71st position India “is the lowest ranked among the BRICS economies”, the report says, “The rank differential with China (28th) has grown from 14 places in 2007 to 43 today; while India’s GDP per capita was higher than China’s in 1991, today China is four times richer.” Pakistan, however, ranks much worse than India, 129th.
Pointing out that "India’s slide in the competitiveness rankings began in 2009, when its economy was still growing at 8.5 percent", the report states, "The country has declined in most areas assessed by the GCI since 2007, most strikingly in institutions, business sophistication, financial market development, and goods market efficiency."
"Overall", the report states, "India does best in the more complex areas of the GCI: innovation (49th) and business sophistication (57th). In contrast, it obtains low marks in the more basic and more fundamental drivers of competitiveness. For instance, India ranks 98th on the health and primary education pillar.”
It adds, “The health situation is indeed alarming: infant mortality and malnutrition incidence are among the highest in the world; only 36 percent of the population have access to improved sanitation; and life expectancy is Asia’s second shortest, after Myanmar."
The report says that while India may be on track “to achieve universal primary education”, it stresses, “The quality of primary education remains poor (88th) and it ranks a low 93rd in the higher education and training pillar of the GCI. Transport and electricity infrastructure are in need of upgrading (87th).” It adds, “Given the country’s strained public finances, addressing the infrastructure gap will require very strong participation on the part of private and foreign investors through public-private partnerships."
"Overall", the report states, "India does best in the more complex areas of the GCI: innovation (49th) and business sophistication (57th). In contrast, it obtains low marks in the more basic and more fundamental drivers of competitiveness. For instance, India ranks 98th on the health and primary education pillar.”
It adds, “The health situation is indeed alarming: infant mortality and malnutrition incidence are among the highest in the world; only 36 percent of the population have access to improved sanitation; and life expectancy is Asia’s second shortest, after Myanmar."
The report says that while India may be on track “to achieve universal primary education”, it stresses, “The quality of primary education remains poor (88th) and it ranks a low 93rd in the higher education and training pillar of the GCI. Transport and electricity infrastructure are in need of upgrading (87th).” It adds, “Given the country’s strained public finances, addressing the infrastructure gap will require very strong participation on the part of private and foreign investors through public-private partnerships."
Interestingly, at a time when the former UPA government was attacked for corruption, the report states, "There are encouraging signs. India has achieved spectacular progress in various measures of corruption and now ranks 65th. Red tape seems to be less of an issue than it had been, and government efficiency is equally improving.”
Even then, it says, “The overall business environment and market efficiency (95th, down 10 places) are undermined by protectionism, monopolies, and various distortionary measures, including subsidies and administrative barriers to entry and operation."
The report quotes the World Bank which has estimated that “it takes 12 procedures (130th) and almost a month to register a business (106th). In addition, it calculated that taxes for a typical registered firm amount, on average, to 63 percent of its profits (130th). Furthermore, the labor market is inefficient and rigid (112th).”
Even then, it says, “The overall business environment and market efficiency (95th, down 10 places) are undermined by protectionism, monopolies, and various distortionary measures, including subsidies and administrative barriers to entry and operation."
The report quotes the World Bank which has estimated that “it takes 12 procedures (130th) and almost a month to register a business (106th). In addition, it calculated that taxes for a typical registered firm amount, on average, to 63 percent of its profits (130th). Furthermore, the labor market is inefficient and rigid (112th).”
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| GCI: Top ten countries |
Saying that all these factors “contribute to the high cost of integrating more businesses into the formal economy", the report wants the Modi government to urgently create "the right incentives for businesses to register and contribute their fair share to the provision of public services.”
This, it believes, is necessary because “India achieves its lowest rank among the 12 pillars in technological readiness (121st). Despite mobile telephony being almost ubiquitous, India is one of the world’s least digitally connected countries. Only 15 percent of Indians access the Internet on a regular basis. Broadband Internet, if available at all, remains the privilege of a very few. India’s knack for frugal innovation should contribute to providing cheap solutions for bridging this digital divide.”
This, it believes, is necessary because “India achieves its lowest rank among the 12 pillars in technological readiness (121st). Despite mobile telephony being almost ubiquitous, India is one of the world’s least digitally connected countries. Only 15 percent of Indians access the Internet on a regular basis. Broadband Internet, if available at all, remains the privilege of a very few. India’s knack for frugal innovation should contribute to providing cheap solutions for bridging this digital divide.”
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