Skip to main content

'Gender bias': A male bastion, Phalke award 'bypasses' top actresses of yesteryears

By Bharat Dogra* 

Twenty years after independence a most creative phase of Hindi cinema was ushered in after some of the best films were made. Leading actors of the era had an enduring impact, which continues to this day. Four of the best and most popular heroes, with very wide impact on society (Ashok Kumar, Raj Kapoor, Dilip Kumar and Dev Anand) received the Dada Phalke award, the highest award of Indian cinema.
At the same time, ironically, none of the five greatest heroines of this era, with equal talent, popularity, achievement and high social impact, received the coveted Dada Phalke Award. These five heroines were Waheeda Rehman, Meena Kumari, Nargis, Nutan and Madhubala.
Of course there were several other very talented heroines during this period such as Mala Sinha, Sadhana and Vyjanthimala, to mention only a few, but the five actresses were in a class by themselves and left such an enduring impact with countless admirers to this day. Their neglect for the top award continues to this day. It must be considered a matter of serious gender bias.
Among these five, also Waheeda Rehman was been perhaps the most versatile, as is evident from her many great acting triumphs in films like “Pyasa”, “Kagaz ke Phool”, “Guide”, “Mujhe Jeene Do”, “Teesri Kasam”, “Khamoshi” and “Reshma aur Shera”. She worked with Satyajit Ray in “Abhijan”, and also acted in Telugu, Tamil and Malyalam films.
In fact she started with Telugu films. Then when she came to Bombay to work in Hindi films, she was asked to adopt a popular screen name which she refused to do and insisted on retaining her original name.
On top of that she also insisted on getting a signed contract that she would not wear a dress that she did not consider to be decent. Some senior film unit members who were used to having their way even with established artists were angry with her and wanted her to be dropped, but she insisted on having her way and with her very first film as a heroine in Hindi (“Pyasa”), she established a reputation of great acting which has never left her.
She has shown courage in coming out of very difficult situations. She still continues to act once in a while in elderly roles. She has been an accomplished dancer and in more recent times has been active as a philanthropist as well.
Meena Kumari has been repeatedly described as the one and only actress whose acting style and the way of speaking her dialogue was entirely her own; no one else could even imitate it and its grace and charm.
Their millions of enduring followers would look forward to the day when they are honoured with the highest award of Indian cinema
Some of her better-known films including “Pakeezah” and “Sahib, Bibi aur Ghulam”. They can still attract big audiences. Her other notable films include “Baiju Bawra”, “Aarti”, “Dil ek Mandir”, “Chitralekha”, “Phool aur Pathar”, “Manjhli Didi” and “Mere Apne”. She was an accomplished dancer and a sensitive poet. She worked in films right from early childhood to her last days.
Nargis had a very special role in the post-Independence years as a representative of women finding a wider role in society, trying to combine the best of tradition and modernity. Her roles opposite Raj Kapoor in many films were hugely popular with the audience those days and are still cherished.
These include films like “Barsaat”, “Awara”, “Chori-Chori” and “Shri 420”. Her other notable films include “Pardesi”, “Raat aur Din”. and then there is her unmatched, all-time great role in “Mother India”. If she had done only this one single role in her entire film career she would still be remembered for that.
Nutan was a versatile actress, excelling in light as well as very serious films. Her most notable films include “Sujata”, “Anari” and “Seema”. However, the biggest achievement of her acting career remains “Bandini”, where her role was at times very tender and at times very complex. She did full justice to this difficult role, helping to make “Bandini” one of the all-time great films.
Madhubala brought happiness and joy to millions of her fans and admirers, even though her own life was very tragic for the great part due to serious health problems. She died at a young age, but not before giving us such great films as “Barsaat Ki Raat” and “Chalti ka Naam Gaadi”.
Then there was that all the time great film “Mughal-E-Azam” where we see Madhubala in all her glory as a great heroine and as an accomplished dancer, even though health problems had started taking a toll.
All these five great actresses carried themselves with a lot of grace and influenced Indian society in much wider ways than is commonly realized.
Their millions of enduring followers would look forward to the day when they are honoured with the highest award of Indian cinema.
---
*Has been involved in writing about the social aspects of cinema. His latest book, with Madhu Dogra as co-author, is “Hindi Cinema and Society”, published by Saptarishi, Delhi

Comments

TRENDING

From algorithms to exploitation: New report exposes plight of India's gig workers

By Jag Jivan   The recent report, "State of Finance in India Report 2024-25," released by a coalition including the Centre for Financial Accountability, Focus on the Global South, and other organizations, paints a stark picture of India's burgeoning digital economy, particularly highlighting the exploitation faced by gig workers on platform-based services. 

'Condonation of war crimes against women and children’: IPSN on Trump’s Gaza Board

By A Representative   The India-Palestine Solidarity Network (IPSN) has strongly condemned the announcement of a proposed “Board of Peace” for Gaza and Palestine by former US President Donald J. Trump, calling it an initiative that “condones war crimes against children and women” and “rubs salt in Palestinian wounds.”

Gig workers hold online strike on republic day; nationwide protests planned on February 3

By A Representative   Gig and platform service workers across the country observed a nationwide online strike on Republic Day, responding to a call given by the Gig & Platform Service Workers Union (GIPSWU) to protest what it described as exploitation, insecurity and denial of basic worker rights in the platform economy. The union said women gig workers led the January 26 action by switching off their work apps as a mark of protest.

India’s road to sustainability: Why alternative fuels matter beyond electric vehicles

By Suyash Gupta*  India’s worsening air quality makes the shift towards clean mobility urgent. However, while electric vehicles (EVs) are central to India’s strategy, they alone cannot address the country’s diverse pollution and energy challenges.

Jayanthi Natarajan "never stood by tribals' rights" in MNC Vedanta's move to mine Niyamigiri Hills in Odisha

By A Representative The Odisha Chapter of the Campaign for Survival and Dignity (CSD), which played a vital role in the struggle for the enactment of historic Forest Rights Act, 2006 has blamed former Union environment minister Jaynaynthi Natarjan for failing to play any vital role to defend the tribals' rights in the forest areas during her tenure under the former UPA government. Countering her recent statement that she rejected environmental clearance to Vendanta, the top UK-based NMC, despite tremendous pressure from her colleagues in Cabinet and huge criticism from industry, and the claim that her decision was “upheld by the Supreme Court”, the CSD said this is simply not true, and actually she "disrespected" FRA.

Stands 'exposed': Cavalier attitude towards rushed construction of Char Dham project

By Bharat Dogra*  The nation heaved a big sigh of relief when the 41 workers trapped in the under-construction Silkyara-Barkot tunnel (Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand) were finally rescued on November 28 after a 17-day rescue effort. All those involved in the rescue effort deserve a big thanks of the entire country. The government deserves appreciation for providing all-round support.

Whither space for the marginalised in Kerala's privately-driven townships after landslides?

By Ipshita Basu, Sudheesh R.C.  In the early hours of July 30 2024, a landslide in the Wayanad district of Kerala state, India, killed 400 people. The Punjirimattom, Mundakkai, Vellarimala and Chooralmala villages in the Western Ghats mountain range turned into a dystopian rubble of uprooted trees and debris.

Over 40% of gig workers earn below ₹15,000 a month: Economic Survey

By A Representative   The Finance Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman, while reviewing the Economic Survey in Parliament on Tuesday, highlighted the rapid growth of gig and platform workers in India. According to the Survey, the number of gig workers has increased from 7.7 million to around 12 million, marking a growth of about 55 percent. Their share in the overall workforce is projected to rise from 2 percent to 6.7 percent, with gig workers expected to contribute approximately ₹2.35 lakh crore to the GDP by 2030. The Survey also noted that over 40 percent of gig workers earn less than ₹15,000 per month.

Fragmented opposition and identity politics shaping Tamil Nadu’s 2026 election battle

By Syed Ali Mujtaba*  Tamil Nadu is set to go to the polls in April 2026, and the political battle lines are beginning to take shape. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to the state on January 23, 2026, marked the formal launch of the Bharatiya Janata Party’s campaign against the ruling Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). Addressing multiple public meetings, the Prime Minister accused the DMK government of corruption, criminality, and dynastic politics, and called for Tamil Nadu to be “freed from DMK’s chains.” PM Modi alleged that the DMK had turned Tamil Nadu into a drug-ridden state and betrayed public trust by governing through what he described as “Corruption, Mafia and Crime,” derisively terming it “CMC rule.” He claimed that despite making numerous promises, the DMK had failed to deliver meaningful development. He also targeted what he described as the party’s dynastic character, arguing that the government functioned primarily for the benefit of a single family a...