‘Bhima Koregaon: Challenging Caste - Brahminism's Wrath Against Dreamers Of Equality’ is a groundbreaking work addressing the oppression of Dalits and the Brahminical underpinnings of the state. This book compellingly illustrates the perilous consequences faced by those engaged in the struggle against class and caste hierarchies in India, especially since 2014, where any quest for justice and equality is often met with suppression and criminalization. It holds an esteemed place in the literature that confronts proto-fascism and embodies the fury of Brahminism against advocates of equality.
Author Ajaz Ashraf meticulously traces the historical context of the Battle of Bhima Koregaon in 1818, highlighting the efforts of tens of thousands of Dalits, historically known as Untouchables, who marched to pay tribute at the Victory Pillar, or Vijay Stambh. In his examination, Ashraf focuses on the Elgar Parishad in Pune, which preceded the Bhima Koregaon violence. He uncovers how a Hindutva leader exploited the state's admiration for the Maratha king Shivaji to incite anti-Muslim sentiments, as well as the influence of James Laine's book on Shivaji in shaping anti-Brahmin attitudes in Maharashtra.
Through interviews, research, and archival investigations, Ashraf reveals the role of a right-wing think tank in sparking police inquiries into the Bhima Koregaon violence. He assesses the conspiracy theories propagated by investigative agencies and delves into the lives and initiatives of the BK-16 prior to their arrests, illustrating the ongoing struggles faced by Dalits under Brahminism's oppressive regime.
The ongoing plight of marginalized Adivasis and Dalits remains largely unchanged, with those who raise their voices often becoming targets of victimization. Ashraf poignantly captures the stories of prominent civil rights advocates, scholars, poets, and activists, portraying their struggles with an unflinching approach. He documents the bravery and restraint demonstrated by these thinkers and the severe challenges endured by their families.
His narrative serves as a stark reminder of how authoritarian states wield the power to stifle dissent, instill fear, and criminalize those who resist in the pursuit of equality, often meting out harsh punishment for acts of defiance. The book stands out for its in-depth research, comprehensive interviews, and rigorous analysis, effectively demonstrating the severe repercussions faced by activists, poets, and intellectuals engaged in democratic dissent. Ashraf's meticulous attention to detail is commendable.
Notably, the book addresses the subjects of the Maoist conspiracy narrative and the Urban Naxal theory with solid evidence. As readers progress, they experience a range of emotions—sometimes uplifted by the activists' indomitable spirit, while at other times disheartened by the grim reality encountered by those labeled as dissenters, burdened with the need to prove their innocence.
Incorporating the heartbreaking accounts of Dalit and Adivasi activists accused in the Bhima Koregaon case, Ashraf sheds light on how many rights defenders and scholars are unjustly branded as ‘Maoist sympathizers’ or ‘Urban Naxals,’ facing oppressive laws used to imprison them far from their loved ones, effectively isolating them. He also reveals the deceitful role played by a complicit media echoing the tactics of propaganda.
Book concludes with a powerful quote from Varavara Rao shared by his wife Hemalatha: Revolution is a battle between justice and injustice
Ashraf highlights the struggles faced by progressive lawyers, courageous writers, and sensitive poets who are often met with harsh retaliation. The book accurately portrays the distressing stories of individuals such as Stan Swamy, Sudha Bharadwaj, Arun Ferreira, and many others, detailing the hardships they endure.
Divided into three sections—The Elgar Parishad, Bhima Koregaon, and Suffering—the 472-page book features seventeen well-crafted chapters. The 'Suffering' section provides gripping accounts of imprisoned activists and intellectuals. In the 'Bhima Koregaon' section, Ashraf reveals how evidence is sometimes manufactured or manipulated. For instance, malware can be introduced to the accused's electronic devices, allowing for the alteration of files without their knowledge, as seen in the cases of Stan Swamy and others.
The book delves into the life of Manohar Anant Kulkarni, a notorious Hindutva figure often known as Sambhaji Vinayak Bhide, as seen through the lens of a former disciple. It also explores the artful expressions—poems, plays, and songs—performed at the Elgar Parishad that criticized Prime Minister Narendra Modi, acknowledging Justice (Retired) BG Kolse Patil for his admiration of the event. Throughout the book, poignant lines evoke deep reflection, such as Ashraf’s observation that “The State looks askance at anyone whose heart beats for Adivasis.”
In Chapter 16, "Profiles in Courage and Forbearance," he poignantly recounts the suffering inflicted upon Tushar Bhattacharya and Shoma Sen and their family. The book also narrates the harrowing experience of Surendra Gadling, who, despite suffering severe health issues in jail, was denied the right to attend his mother’s funeral. Ashraf's portrayal of the courtroom narratives surrounding Gadling paints a picture of gross injustice. Sahba Hussain's fight to maintain hope and resilience during her partner Gautam Navlakha's imprisonment is another touching aspect of the narrative.
Ultimately, the book concludes with a powerful quote from Varavara Rao, as shared by his wife Hemalatha: “Revolution is a battle between justice and injustice.”
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*Freelance journalist
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