Modi's new 'universal' vaccine policy still favours urban elite, has no walk-in facility

Counterview Desk 
Top international NGO, Oxfam, and health rights network, Forum for Medical Ethics Society, even as welcoming Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s recent announcement for partial free vaccines, have insisted on the need to for “a more inclusive vaccine policy”, pointing out, “Efforts are required on vaccine equity to speed up the vaccination process.”
An Oxfam India email alert sent to Counterview said, this is particularly important as under the new policy nearly 25% of the vaccine supplies “will continue to be available for private hospitals”, which will “skew distribution to urban elites, given the fact that “80% of doses administered in the private sector in May were distributed in Delhi NCR, Mumbai Metro, Bengaluru and Hyderabad alone”, and “50% of vaccine doses were monopolized by only nine hospitals.”
It said, “A price cap of INR 150 as service charges for private hospitals will have limited impact until profiteering is addressed at source. It is time for India to enhance transparency in the agreements with vaccine manufacturers, take steps to keep the vaccine not-for-profit and must do all that is required for enabling compulsory licensing to ramp up vaccine manufacturing.”

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Oxfam India and Forum for Medical Ethics Society (FMES) welcome Prime Minister Narendra Modi's decision to procure 75% of vaccines in India and providing them free of cost to the states. The latest decision is in line with the demands of the People's Vaccine Alliance in India which submitted a letter endorsed by over 600 prominent activists, doctors and citizens to the Prime Minister on May 17.
We welcome the commitment to free delivery, central procurement of the vaccine, a partial price cap in private hospitals and the extension of the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kayan Ann Yojana. However, People’s Vaccine Alliance wants to reiterate that the new vaccine policy is far from universal and accessible.
Government efforts fail to ensure free vaccination for all by reserving 25% of India’s vaccine supply for the rich 25% of the vaccine supplies will continue to be available for private hospitals. This policy will skew distribution to urban elites given that 80% of doses administered in the private sector in May were distributed in Delhi NCR, Mumbai Metro, Bengaluru and Hyderabad alone. Indeed, 50% of vaccine doses were monopolized by only 9 hospitals. 

While, the Central Government's decision to direct states to cap service charges in private hospitals at Rs 150 is appreciated, People's Vaccine Alliance urges the Prime Minister to address pandemic profiteering and declare 100% centralised procurement of the vaccine for equitable distribution.

Transparency in the distribution of vaccines to the states and UTs

Oxfam India CEO Amitabh Behar said: 

“Successful vaccination drives are rooted in detailed district plans and social mobilisation strategies to reach vulnerable communities; these are missing in the Covid-vaccination drive time around. India needs to start maintain disaggregated records of people vaccinated by income, social group and gender to allow us to understand the gap in the extent of vaccination of India’s rich and poor and its Dalits, Adivasis and minorities; men and women.”
Only 15% rural households have access to the Internet and only 24% of India’s population has smartphones making the current vaccination enrolment strategy discriminatory. The near complete reliance on on-line appointments for vaccination without providing walk-in facilities for those under 45 tends to exclude those who lack internet access, the elderly living alone, those with disability and populations such as homeless and pavement dwellers and those in institutions and women. 

A more targeted bottom-up approach is needed to ensure vaccination nearer to peoples’ habitations, especially in high coronavirus prevalence areas. Vaccine slot registrations through offline modes and phone calls or SMS should be encouraged considering the deep digital divide in the country.
Sunita Sheel, General Secretary of Forum for Medical Ethics Society said: 

“We lost critical six-seven weeks impacting adversely equitable access to vaccine across states due to the Center’s earlier decision to discard a tested approach of centralized procurement of vaccines. Now that the decision is reversed, it is crucial that vaccine distribution across states is informed by epidemiological evidence as opposed to the ad-hoc allocation of dosages to eliminate influence and interference of non-scientific factors. 

"This requires meaningful all-state consultation on an ongoing basis and scientific advisors to states to engage with the ‘moving target’ of statewide needs. Only and only an evidence-based response will help us out of the pandemic.”
Furthermore, with gaps in vaccination rates opening up among states, there is a need for greater transparency in the distribution of vaccines to the states by the central government. Reports suggest, Gujarat alone had 60% of the entire country's vaccines on May 1 for 18-44 age group; consequently, several states complained to the Prime Minister about inequitable distribution.

Regulation of pandemic profiteering by vaccine manufactures and doing more to address root causes of vaccine shortage

India's global leadership in the push for a TRIPS waiver on Covid vaccine is important not just for ensuring domestic vaccine production, but also globally. The limitations of closed-door IP protected bilateral tech transfer partnerships between pharmaceuticals have been demonstrated by the AstraZeneca with Sirum Institute of India (SII) that have failed to deliver universal vaccination, but have allowed for profits of as high as 750-2000% per dose by vaccine manufacturers.
A price cap of INR 150 as service charges for private hospitals will have limited impact until profiteering is addressed at source. It is time for India to enhance transparency in the agreements with vaccine manufacturers, take steps to keep the vaccine not-for-profit and must do all that is required for enabling compulsory licensing to ramp up vaccine manufacturing.