"Anuradha—Through the Eyes of Her Contemporaries" by Kobad Ghandy (28 March 1954 – 12 April 2008) is a biographical account of the late Anuradha Ghandy, drawing on personal recollections, political writings, and testimonies of her contemporaries. Written by her husband, the book traces her life as a revolutionary activist, intellectual, and organiser, and situates her work within broader debates on caste, gender, and revolutionary politics in India.
The narrative presents Anuradha Ghandy as a committed political activist who confronted patriarchal structures while working within revolutionary movements. It describes her personal qualities—such as discipline, intellectual engagement, and organisational ability—and links these traits to her political practice. The book places emphasis on the integration of theory and practice in her life, portraying her as someone who combined ideological study with sustained grassroots work.
The biography appears at a time when revolutionary movements, particularly in regions such as Chhattisgarh, are facing significant challenges. Within this context, the book positions Anuradha’s work and ideas as relevant to ongoing political debates. It presents her engagement with marginalised communities as central to her political identity and highlights her emphasis on inner discipline, ethical conduct, and commitment as integral to revolutionary practice.
The account discusses Anuradha Ghandy’s efforts to encourage creativity and critical thinking within revolutionary movements, while also noting tensions between innovation and adherence to organisational lines. It documents her contributions to debates on caste and women’s issues, presenting her as someone who sought to expand and refine existing party positions rather than merely replicate established frameworks.
The book traces the stages of Anuradha’s political development, from her early influences to her emergence as a full-time activist. It argues that her evolution was shaped by sustained political work and ideological engagement rather than by innate attributes. This perspective challenges explanations rooted in social or cultural determinism and instead foregrounds commitment and practice.
In the introductory sections, the author outlines a view of revolutionary development as a process shaped through immersion in class struggle and ideological transformation. References are made to Marxism-Leninism-Maoism and to historical experiences such as the Chinese Cultural Revolution, which are presented as relevant frameworks for understanding revolutionary change in societies marked by entrenched hierarchies.
The preface notes that Anuradha Ghandy was widely accepted as a leader within Dalit movements despite not belonging to a Dalit community herself. This acceptance is attributed to her long-term engagement with caste issues and her involvement in everyday struggles within Dalit neighbourhoods. The text also describes her efforts to remain economically self-reliant while working as a professional revolutionary, including periods when she supported herself through teaching.
The first part of the book includes a contribution by her brother, Sunil Shanbag, which outlines her early life and formative influences. It traces her political journey through student activism, work in urban slums, involvement in civil liberties organisations, trade union activity, and mobilisation among Dalit and working-class communities in Maharashtra and central India. The narrative culminates in her work with the Maoist movement in Bastar, where she later died. The account notes the influence of global political developments such as the Vietnam War and the Chinese Cultural Revolution on her ideological orientation. It also emphasises her ability to communicate complex ideas in accessible ways and her lack of hierarchical distance from those she worked with.
The book documents the period leading up to her death, describing the conditions of repression under which she worked and her continued political engagement despite serious illness. It recounts her focus on women’s participation in revolutionary movements and her efforts to conduct political education even during the final years of her life.
A substantial section of the book is devoted to Anuradha Ghandy’s theoretical contributions. Her writings are presented as analytically rigorous and politically direct, with an emphasis on the relationship between caste and class in India. The text outlines her argument that caste is a distinct social formation rooted in feudal relations of production and cannot be understood solely as a subset of class relations. It situates her work as a response to limitations within sections of the Indian left that had previously subsumed caste under class without addressing its specific social dynamics.
The book summarises her analysis of Brahmanism as a central ideological component of Indian feudalism and her argument that democratic transformation requires the dismantling of caste hierarchies. It discusses her engagement with thinkers and movements such as Ambedkar, Phule, and Periyar, and her assessment of regional variations in the persistence of feudal values. The narrative also traces her historical analysis of caste formation, state development, and religious movements, including the Bhakti tradition, as well as her critique of how various ruling powers reinforced caste structures.
Her writings on gender are also examined, particularly her distinction between patriarchy under feudalism and capitalism. The book presents her critique of strands of feminism that detach gender oppression from class relations, as well as her insistence on the role of men in challenging patriarchy. It also highlights her concern that mainstream feminist discourse often marginalised the experiences of Dalit and Adivasi women.
Another section brings together recollections from contemporaries, offering perspectives on her role as an organiser, intellectual, and leader. These accounts describe her involvement in key party congresses and her engagement with debates on leadership and organisational direction. Contributors recall her clarity in political expression, concern for developing younger cadres, and sustained energy even under adverse conditions.
In its concluding sections, the book reflects on the social and organisational contexts that shaped Anuradha Ghandy’s political life, including the influence of her family and her comrades. It links her ideas to contemporary debates on Hindutva, caste supremacy, and authoritarianism, and argues for the continued relevance of her work in resisting these forces. The author advocates for organised political resistance and situates Anuradha’s legacy within broader efforts to build democratic and revolutionary alternatives.
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*Freelance journalist
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