Skip to main content

Did no-lockdown Sweden have a pandemic? Will India learn 'right lessons' for future?

By Bhaskaran Raman 
“Sweden’s Covid policy is a model for the right. It’s also a deadly folly”
-- The Guardian, 23 May 2020
“The Swedish COVID-19 Response Is a Disaster. It Shouldn’t Be a Model for the Rest of the World”
-- Time Magazine, 14 October 2020
“In Sweden, Infections and Calls for a Lockdown Are Rising”
-- The New York Times, 15 December 2020
“Jay Bhattacharya continues to advocate for herd immunity on Covid, despite his much-touted Swedish model resulting in an unnatural number of deaths.”
-- The Print, 20 Dec 2022

***
The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2022 was released by NGO Pratham recently. It measures a small part of the unimaginable damage to the 260 million children of India, due to school closure following the declaration of the Covid-19 pandemic: literacy progress of nearly a decade has been wiped out. But was such damage necessary? Is it right to blame the damage on the virus? Was Covid-19 responsible for the damage or our response to it in terms of school closure and lockdown?
Was lockdown a reasonable response to Covid-19? Was it supported by science? Did it save lives? Or was it a terrible mistake which not only failed to save lives but also crushed lives? It is important to ask and answer these questions, so that the right lessons are learnt for the future.
In early to mid-March 2020 various European countries had started to lockdown, one after another, in response to Covid-19. But there was one prominent exception: Sweden. Dr. Anders Tegnell who was in charge of Sweden's Covid-19 response refused to lockdown. Sweden never shutdown its society and kept its schools open for all children under-16 throughout. For deviating from the “norm” of the draconian lockdown response, Sweden was vilified and castigated in the media, as exemplified by the quotes above.
So just how bad was the Covid-19 pandemic in no-lockdown, no-mask-mandate Sweden? This does not need rocket science; it is rather easy for the reader to check with only high-school mathematics and 10-minutes of spreadsheet work.
The figure below shows the all-cause deaths-per-million population for various 3-month windows (data source: link). The heaviest Covid-19 casualties of Sweden's first wave were during the 3-month window of April-to-June 2020. The 24 windows of 3-month duration each, from January 2015 to December 2020, are in random order in the x-axis. One of those 3-month windows is April-June 2020. Can you spot it from the graph? I encourage the reader to pause and make a genuine attempt at answering the question before proceeding; you can type the given URL https://tinyurl.com/panspotwin or scan the QR code to attempt the question online.
Visually, bars F, I and S look among the tallest with B and H close. The correct answer is besides the point here. Importantly, the “deadliest” 3-month window of Sweden's first wave is visually or statistically indistinguishable from prior 3-month windows. Clearly, no one clamoured for lockdown or mask mandates in any of the prior years.
The figure below shows the answer to the question. We can see that April-June 2020, the 3 months of Sweden's first wave of Covid-19, for which it was vilified as being callous, is not the highest in terms of deaths-per-million. Compared to other recent prior 3-month windows, it is the second highest. The highest was in the winter in early 2015, and close behind in third place was the even more recent winter in early 2018.
The figure also shows that the second wave of Covid-19, the majority of which was in the 3-month window of October to December of 2020, was even lower in terms of mortality, than the first wave during April to June 2020.
Given these comparisons of Sweden's two waves of Covid-19 with past periods, was the castigation of Sweden in the media and in scientific circles justified? Or did Sweden handle Covid-19 exceedingly well?
It is also worth noting that in 2022, while the vast majority of Europe is having overall mortality comparable to the pandemic years 2020 & 2021, or even higher, Sweden hardly shows any excess mortality. So one has to ask:
Did lockdown in other countries like India save any lives, or only increase mortality due to increased diabetes, anxiety, obesity among some, poverty and starvation among many, vitamin-D deficiency, lack of exercise, lack of access to healthcare, etc?
---
*Professor at IIT Bombay; views are personal. The above writeup is an excerpt from his recent book “Math Murder in Media Manufactured Madness”, presenting simple math to illustrate various absurdities related to the mainstream Covid-19 narrative; available at: https://bhaskaranraman.in/

Comments

TRENDING

Grueling summer ahead: Cuttack’s alarming health trends and what they mean for Odisha

By Sudhansu R Das  The preparation to face the summer should begin early in Odisha. People in the state endure long, grueling summer months starting from mid-February and extending until the end of October. This prolonged heat adversely affects productivity, causes deaths and diseases, and impacts agriculture, tourism and the unorganized sector. The social, economic and cultural life of the state remains severely disrupted during the peak heat months.

Stronger India–Russia partnership highlights a missed energy breakthrough

By N.S. Venkataraman*  The recent visit of Russian President Vladimir Putin to India was widely publicized across several countries and has attracted significant global attention. The warmth with which Mr. Putin was received by Prime Minister Narendra Modi was particularly noted, prompting policy planners worldwide to examine the implications of this cordial relationship for the global economy and political climate. India–Russia relations have stood on a strong foundation for decades and have consistently withstood geopolitical shifts. This is in marked contrast to India’s ties with the United States, which have experienced fluctuations under different U.S. administrations.

From natural farming to fair prices: Young entrepreneurs show a new path

By Bharat Dogra   There have been frequent debates on agro-business companies not showing adequate concern for the livelihoods of small farmers. Farmers’ unions have often protested—generally with good reason—that while they do not receive fair returns despite high risks and hard work, corporate interests that merely process the crops produced by farmers earn disproportionately high profits. Hence, there is a growing demand for alternative models of agro-business development that demonstrate genuine commitment to protecting farmer livelihoods.

The Vande Mataram debate and the politics of manufactured controversy

By Vidya Bhushan Rawat*  The recent Vande Mataram debate in Parliament was never meant to foster genuine dialogue. Each political party spoke past the other, addressing its own constituency, ensuring that clips went viral rather than contributing to meaningful deliberation. The objective was clear: to construct a Hindutva narrative ahead of the Bengal elections. Predictably, the Lok Sabha will likely expunge the opposition’s “controversial” remarks while retaining blatant inaccuracies voiced by ministers and ruling-party members. The BJP has mastered the art of inserting distortions into parliamentary records to provide them with a veneer of historical legitimacy.

A comrade in culture and controversy: Yao Wenyuan’s revolutionary legacy

By Harsh Thakor*  This year marks two important anniversaries in Chinese revolutionary history—the 20th death anniversary of Yao Wenyuan, and the 50th anniversary of his seminal essay "On the Social Basis of the Lin Biao Anti-Party Clique". These milestones invite reflection on the man whose pen ignited the first sparks of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution and whose sharp ideological interventions left an indelible imprint on the political and cultural landscape of socialist China.

The cost of being Indian: How inequality and market logic redefine rights

By Vikas Gupta   We, the people of India, are engaged in a daily tryst—read: struggle—for basic human rights. For the seemingly well-to-do, the wish list includes constant water supply, clean air, safe roads, punctual public transportation, and crime-free neighbourhoods. For those further down the ladder, the struggle is starker: food that fills the stomach, water that doesn’t sicken, medicines that don’t kill, houses that don’t flood, habitats at safe distances from polluted streams or garbage piles, and exploitation-free environments in the public institutions they are compelled to navigate.

Why India must urgently strengthen its policies for an ageing population

By Bharat Dogra   A quiet but far-reaching demographic transformation is reshaping much of the world. As life expectancy rises and birth rates fall, societies are witnessing a rapid increase in the proportion of older people. This shift has profound implications for public policy, and the need to strengthen frameworks for healthy and secure ageing has never been more urgent. India is among the countries where these pressures will intensify most sharply in the coming decades.

Thota Sitaramaiah: An internal pillar of an underground organisation

By Harsh Thakor*  Thota Sitaramaiah was regarded within his circles as an example of the many individuals whose work in various underground movements remained largely unknown to the wider public. While some leaders become visible through organisational roles or media attention, many others contribute quietly, without public recognition. Sitaramaiah was considered one such figure. He passed away on December 8, 2025, at the age of 65.

Proposals for Babri Masjid, Ram Temple spark fears of polarisation before West Bengal polls

By A Representative   A political debate has emerged in West Bengal following recent announcements about plans for new religious structures in Murshidabad district, including a proposed mosque to be named Babri Masjid and a separate announcement by a BJP leader regarding the construction of a Ram temple in another location within Behrampur.