Skip to main content

Manifesto against democratic 'deficit' and capitalist Westphalian nation state

Trump, Modi, Erdoğan, Johnson, Bolsonaro
By Bhabani Shankar Nayak* 
What is happening to democracies across the globe? Democratic deficit, neoliberalism and rise of authoritarianism moving together by dismantling social harmonies and states… The rise of Donald Trump in USA, Narendra Modi in India, Boris Johnson in United Kingdom, Erdoğan in Turkey, Jair Messias Bolsonaro in Brazil and many others are not only examples of the symptoms but also the results of democratic deficits in the world today.
The local, national and international politics is driven by ethnic, racial and religious conflicts in Asia, Africa Americas, Europe and Middle East. These populist upheavals did not change the old-world order rather reinforcing it more vigorously.
God, national glory, lawlessness, vulgar wealth and huge inequalities are five common features between old and modern world. It creates the foundation for reactionary nationalism and authoritarian capitalism across the globe. Democracy and states have become tools of such a dangerous worldwide process.
The pioneers of globalisation and lovers of free market argued that it will bring peace and prosperity by ending war and conflicts. They also argued that it will help in the growth and establishment of vibrant and multicultural democracies.
But in reality, globalisation has expanded the conflicts and old world inequalities. Rich became richer and poor became poorer. The class, gender, race, caste and regional fault lines continue to grow under capitalism.
The neoliberal capitalist project outmanoeuvred the ideal alternatives of October revolution, French revolution and promises of anti-colonial struggles. And all idealisms are in downward spiral now. How do we analyse these upheavals? Is it a sign of end of Westphalian nation state?
It is impossible to offer alternatives for a better tomorrow without understanding present predicaments and its history.

The lineages and transformations

The democratic deficit of the state is embedded with history of capitalist Westphalian nation state. The peace Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 consolidated capitalism by establishing nation states based on the idea of territorial sovereignty. It helped to end thirty years of savagely war in Europe. It also helped Europe to plunder the world with colonial rule in different parts of the world.
The resources of the colonies were used to establish different institutions of economic development and democratic governance in Europe. Therefore, Westphalian states are innately colonial, capitalist and authoritarian by nature but dressed up as democracy. The referendum results and debates over Britain leaving European Union (EU) is a classic example of democratic deficit and its relationship with European capitalism led by EU.
The post-colonial states emerged after the success of anticolonial struggles. The post-colonial states promised democratic governance based on ideals of liberty, equality, justice and welfare of all its citizens. The anticolonial struggles had positive influence on European states.
It transformed the nature of state in Europe by making them more democratic, secular and multicultural in terms of citizenship rights with welfare orientations. But the neoliberal Washington consensus led to the universalisation of neoliberal welfare state by ending ideals of democratic, and welfare state.
Vox Populi and Vox Dei are replaced by capitalist order, market and money dominate every social, economic, political, cultural and religious sphere
The centralisation and securitisation of state became order of the day to uphold the interests of the private capital which grown enormously after the implementation of neoliberal policies of liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation.
We live in a world today where Vox Populi, Vox Dei (the voice of the people is the voice of God) is replaced by the order of the capitalism where market and money dominates every social, economic, political, cultural and religious sphere. It is within this context; democracy and state face challenges from capitalist world system accelerated by Westphalian ideals.
Neoliberal authoritarianism emanates from such a political and economic project that creates a culture of democratic deficit and unreliable state. The legitimacy crisis of state creates the vacuums where ruling and non-ruling elites control the masses and all resources with the help of securitised, centralised and authoritarian state.
The ideological narrative of neoliberalism was based on individual freedom but in reality, we live in a society today where people are in free prisons of market where prices are independent and free. It means the dead capital is free and lively labour in captives.

The quest for alternatives manifesto

The crisis created by democratic deficit, neoliberal authoritarianism and rise of reactionary right wing politics is a global phenomenon. Local and national contexts are important in search of alternatives but the current political and economic crisis needs international solutions. It is imperative to develop pluriversal praxis that is applicable to the world today.
  • The first step is to dismantle the structures of Westphalian capitalist state system and all its affiliated supranational and international organisations. This is only possible by creating solidarity of all grassroot movements for alternative democracy for peace, environment, development and prosperity as inalienable citizenship rights. It is important to have continuous solidarity of struggles to develop conditions for non-discriminatory and pluriversal and inalienable rights based on progressive and scientific thoughts.
  • The second step is to develop conditions where local communities can control and manage their local resources based on their needs and desires with egalitarian distributive mechanisms. 
  • The third step is to develop local, national and international struggles against all conflicts, wars and industries affiliated with it including nuclear weapons. Defence industry creates wars to expand its profits. 
  • The fourth one is continuous struggle against all forms of authoritarianism and all forms of discrimination in every sphere of life. 
  • The fifth one is about creating a decentralised, democratic, progressive and egalitarian state where individual rights and right to self-determination is inalienable. 

---

*With Coventry University, UK

Comments

Post a Comment

TRENDING

Gujarat Information Commission issues warning against misinterpretation of RTI orders

By A Representative   The Gujarat Information Commission (GIC) has issued a press note clarifying that its orders limiting the number of Right to Information (RTI) applications for certain individuals apply only to those specific applicants. The GIC has warned that it will take disciplinary action against any public officials who misinterpret these orders to deny information to other citizens. The press note, signed by GIC Secretary Jaideep Dwivedi, states that the Right to Information Act, 2005, is a powerful tool for promoting transparency and accountability in public administration. However, the commission has observed that some applicants are misusing the act by filing an excessive number of applications, which disproportionately consumes the time and resources of Public Information Officers (PIOs), First Appellate Authorities (FAAs), and the commission itself. This misuse can cause delays for genuine applicants seeking justice. In response to this issue, and in acc...
2 comments
»

A comrade in culture and controversy: Yao Wenyuan’s revolutionary legacy

By Harsh Thakor*  This year marks two important anniversaries in Chinese revolutionary history—the 20th death anniversary of Yao Wenyuan, and the 50th anniversary of his seminal essay "On the Social Basis of the Lin Biao Anti-Party Clique". These milestones invite reflection on the man whose pen ignited the first sparks of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution and whose sharp ideological interventions left an indelible imprint on the political and cultural landscape of socialist China.
Post a Comment
»

'MGNREGA crisis deepening': NSM demands fair wages and end to digital exclusions

By A Representative   The NREGA Sangharsh Morcha (NSM), a coalition of independent unions of MGNREGA workers, has warned that the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is facing a “severe crisis” due to persistent neglect and restrictive measures imposed by the Union Government.
Post a Comment
»

Gandhiji quoted as saying his anti-untouchability view has little space for inter-dining with "lower" castes

By A Representative A senior activist close to Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) leader Medha Patkar has defended top Booker prize winning novelist Arundhati Roy’s controversial utterance on Gandhiji that “his doctrine of nonviolence was based on an acceptance of the most brutal social hierarchy the world has ever known, the caste system.” Surprised at the police seeking video footage and transcript of Roy’s Mahatma Ayyankali memorial lecture at the Kerala University on July 17, Nandini K Oza in a recent blog quotes from available sources to “prove” that Gandhiji indeed believed in “removal of untouchability within the caste system.”
Post a Comment
»

Targeted eviction of Bengali-speaking Muslims across Assam districts alleged

By A Representative   A delegation led by prominent academic and civil rights leader Sandeep Pandey  visited three districts in Assam—Goalpara, Dhubri, and Lakhimpur—between 2 and 4 September 2025 to meet families affected by recent demolitions and evictions. The delegation reported widespread displacement of Bengali-speaking Muslim communities, many of whom possess valid citizenship documents including Aadhaar, voter ID, ration cards, PAN cards, and NRC certification. 
Post a Comment
»

'Centre criminally negligent': SKM demands national disaster declaration in flood-hit states

By A Representative   The Samyukt Kisan Morcha (SKM) has urged the Centre to immediately declare the recent floods and landslides in Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhand, and Haryana as a national disaster, warning that the delay in doing so has deepened the suffering of the affected population.
Post a Comment
»

Saffron Kingdom – a cinematic counter-narrative to The Kashmir Files

By Syed Ali Mujtaba*  “Saffron Kingdom” is a film produced in the United States by members of the Kashmiri diaspora, positioned as a response to the 2022 release “The Kashmir Files.” While the latter focused on the exodus of Kashmiri Pandits and framed Kashmiri Muslims as perpetrators of violence, “Saffron Kingdom” seeks to present an alternate perspective—highlighting the experiences of Kashmiri Muslims facing alleged abuses by Indian security forces.
Post a Comment
»

'Govts must walk the talk on gender equality, right to health, human rights to deliver SDGs by 2030'

By A Representative  With just 64 months left to deliver on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), global health and rights advocates have called upon governments to honour their commitments on gender equality and the human right to health. Speaking ahead of the 80th United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), experts warned that rising anti-rights and anti-gender pushes are threatening hard-won progress on SDG-3 (health and wellbeing) and SDG-5 (gender equality).
Post a Comment
»

From lazy to lost? The myths and realities behind generational panic about youth

By Bhabani Shankar Nayak   Older generations in many societies often describe the young with labels such as “lazy, unproductive, lost, anxious, depoliticised, unpatriotic or wayward.” Others see them as “social media, mobile phone and porn addicts.” Such judgments arise from a generational anxiety rooted in fears of losing control and from distorted perceptions about youth, especially in the context of economic crises, conflicts, and wars in which many young lives are lost.
Post a Comment
»